|
BIO 3020
Pathophysiology
Course Mechanics
1.
Pathophysiology vs. Pathology
2.
Procedures
a.Text
b.Objectives
c.Tests
d. Grades
I. General
Pathology
A. Disease
at the Cellular Level
1.
Adaptation
a. Atrophy
i.Causes
ii.Result
b. Hypertropy
c.
Hyperplasia
i.Types
ii.Atypical Hyperplasia
d.
Metaplasia
2. Injury
a.
Occurrence
b.
Injurious Stimuli
i.Hypoxia
ii.Chemicals
iii.Infectious Agents
iv.Immune Response
v.Nutritional Imbalances
vi.Physical Agents
(a).
Temperature Extremes
(b).
Pressure Changes
(c).
Ionizing Radiation
(d).
Mechanical Factors
c. Results
of Injury: Accumulations
i.Water
(a).
Cellular Swelling
(b). Hydropic Degeneration
ii.Lipids
(a).
Mechanism
(b). Common
Causes
(c). Fatty
Change
iii.Calcium
(a).
Mechanism
(b). Types
iv.Hyaline Change
3. Cell
Death
a. Necrosis
b. Visible
Results
c. Types
(Gross)
i.Coagulative
ii.Liquifactive
iii.Caseous
iv. Fat
Necrosis
v.Gangrene
4.
Apoptosis
a. Meaning
b. Events
5. Somatic
Death
a. versus
necrosis
b. Events
i.Algor mortis
ii.Livor mortis
iii.Rigor mortis
iv.Postmortem autolysis
B. Fluid
Distribution
1.
Compartments
a.
Intracellular
b.
Extracellular
c. Total
Water
2.
Variations
a. Newborn
b. Effect
of Fat
3. Shifts
between Compartments
a. Between
ICF and ISF
b. Between
ISF and Plasma
i.Filtration Pressures
ii.Absorption Pressures
c. ISF
Circulation
d. Lymph
Flow
4. Edema
a.
Definition
b.
Mechanisms
i.Increased CHP
ii.Decreased COP
iii.Increased Capillary Permeability
iv.Lymph Flow Blockage
c.
Locations
i.Localized
ii.Generalized
iii.In Body Spaces
d. Problems
of Edema
i.Distances
ii.Pressure & Blood Flow
iii.Tissue Compression
iv.Blood Volume Loss
C. Immunity
1.
Introduction
a. Components
of Defense
b. Immune
System Cells
i.Locations
ii.Cells
c. Antigens
i.Definition
ii.Characteristics
2. Humoral Response: B-Lymphocytes
a.
Activation
b. Product:
Immunoglobulins
i.Structure
ii.Direct Actions
iii.Indirect Actions
iv.Classes
3.
Cell-Mediated Immunity: T-Lymphocytes
a. Actions
& Cell Types
i.Cytotoxicity: Tc
ii.Delayed Hypersensitivity: Td
iii.Control: Th and Ts
D.Inflammation
1. Introduction
2. Acute
Response
a.
Initiation
b. Events
i.Arteriolar Dilation
ii.Increased CHP
iii.Margination
iv.Endothelial Retraction
v.Cellular Arrival
3. Role of
Mast Cells
a.
Description of Cells
b. Action
c. Stimuli
d. Stored
Chemicals
i.Histamine
ii.Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor
iii.ECF-A
e. New
Chemicals
i.Leukotrienes
ii.Prostaglandins
4. Plasma
Proteins
a. Arrival
b.
Complement System
i.Description
ii.Major Actions
iii.Activation
c. Clotting
Proteins
d. Kinin System
5. System
Manifestations
a. Fever
b.
Leukocytosis
c.
Increased Plasma Proteins
6. Chronic
Inflammation
a.
Description
b. Result
7.
Exudation
a. Function
b. Types
i.Serous Exudate
ii.Fibrinous Exudate
iii.Purulent/Suppurative Exudate
iv.Hemorrhagic Exudate
8. Healing
a. Initial
Steps
i.Sealing
ii.Clot dissolution
iii.Macrophage Secretions
iv.Granulation Tissue Formation
v.Collagen Organization
vi.Wound Contraction
vii.Epithelialization
b.
Maturation
c.
Dysfunctional Healing
i. Initial
Healing Problems
(a). Big
Clots
(b). Adhesions
(c).
Inadequate Macrophages
ii.During Reconstruction
(a).
Impaired Collagen Synthesis
(b).
Excessive Collagen Synthesis
(c).
Impaired Epithelialization
(d). Dehiscense
(e).
Excessive Contraction
E. Abnormal
Immunity
1.
Hypersensitivity
a.
Introduction
i.Definition
ii.Includes:
(a).
Allergies
(b).
Autoimmunity
(c). Isoimmunity
b. Types
i.IgE-Mediated (Type I)
(a).
Occurrence
(b).
Mechanism
(c).
Clinical Examples
ii.Tissue-Specific Reactions (Type II)
(a). Action
(b).
Destruction Types
iii. Immune
Complex Reactions (Type III)
iv.Cell-mediated Reactions (Type IV)
(a). Action
(b).
Clinical Examples
c.
Mechanisms of Hypersensitivity
i.Allergy
(a). Agent
(b).
Examples
(c). Neoantigens
ii.Autoimmunity
(a).
Definition
(b).
Mechanisms
2.
Deficiencies
a.
Introduction
i.
Definition
ii. Types
iii.Clinical Signs
(a). Normal
Infection Rate
(b).
Possible Signs
iv.Problems of Deficiency
b. Congental Deficiencies
i. Hypogammaglobulinemia
ii. SCID
iii.Selective IgA Deficiency
c. Acquired
Deficiencies
i.Nutritional Deficiencies
(a).
Protein/Calorie
(b). Zinc
(c).
Vitamins
ii.Iatrogenic Causes
(a). Drugs
(b).
Surgery/Anesthesia
iii.Burns
iv.Emotional Stress
v.AIDS
F.
Neoplasms
1.
Introduction
a. Neoplasm
b. Benign
c.
Malignant
2.
Nomenclature
a. Naming
b.
Carcinoma in situ
3.
Malignant Cell Characteristics
a. List
b. Terms
c. Grading
d. Staging
e. Growth
Rates
f. Spread
i.Direct Invasion
ii.Lytic Enzymes
iii.Active Movement
iv.Barriers
v.Metastasis
vi.Implantation
4. Clinical
Manifestations
a. Pain
b. Cachexia
i.Description
ii.Appetite Changes
iii.Weight Loss
iv.Anemia
c.
Leukopenia/Thrombocytopenia
d.
Infection
II. Syst
A.
Neurologic Dysfunction
1.
Consciousness
a.
Definition
b. Physical
Basis
c.
Pathophysiology
i.Agents
ii.Signs
(a). Level
of Consciousness
(b).
Breathing Patterns
(c).
Pupillary Response
(d). Oculomotor Responses
(e). Motor
Responses
2. Results
of Lesions
a. Severe
Results
b. Thought
Content Alterations
i. Acute
ii. Subacute/Chronic
c. Seizures
i.
Definition
ii. Causes
iii.
Manifestations
d. Motor
Function Alterations
i. Muscle
Mass Abnormalities
ii. Muscle
Strength Abnormalities
iii. Tone
Abnormalities
iv.
Postural Abnormalities
v. Abnormal
Movements
vi.
Hyperkinesia/Dyskinesia
e.
Emotional Alterations
f. Unifocal Cortical Function Alterations
i.Agnosias
ii.Dyspraxia
iii.Dysphasia/Aphasia
g. Cerebral
Homeostasis Alterations
i.Intracranial Pressure
ii.
Cerebral Edema
(a). Vasogenic
(b).
Cytotoxic
(c).
Ischemic
(d).
Interstitial
3. Specific
CNS Lesions
a. Trauma
i.Closed-Head Trauma
(a).
Injuries
(b).
Maximum Effect
(c). Types:
Concussion
Contusions/Lacerations
Extradural
Hematoma
Subdural
Hematoma
ii. Spinal
Cord Trauma
(a).
Frequency
(b).
Population
(c). Force
(d). Injury
(e). Spinal
Shock
b.
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
i.
Population
ii. Timing
iii. Types
iv.
Clinical Information
c. CNS
Tumors
i.Introduction
ii. Primary
Intracerebral: Gliomas
(a). Glioblastoma
(b).
Astrocytoma
(c). Oligodendroglioma
iii.
Primary Extracerebral Tumors
(a).
Meningioma
(b). Neurilemmoma
d.
Infection/Inflammation
i.
Meningitis
(a). Types
(b).
Manifestations
ii.
Encephalitis
e. Degenerative
Diseases of CNS
i.
Parkinson Disease
(a).
Classification
(b).
Pathophysiology
(c). Course
ii.Multiple Sclerosis
B.
Endocrine Disorders
1. SIADH
a.
Description
b. Cause
c. Results
2. Thyroid
Dysfunction
a. Normal
Function
b.
Hyperthyroidism
i. Results
ii. Cause
c.
Hypothyroidism
i. Causes
ii.
Manifestations
3.
Pancreas: Diabetes
a.
Introduction
b. Types
i. Type I
(a). Cause
(b).
Population
(c).
Manifestations
(d).
Classic Description
ii.Type II
(a). Cause
(b).
Population
(c).
Manifestations
iii.
Gestational Diabetes
(a).
Description
(b). Course
c.
Complications
i.
Hypoglycemia
ii.
Ketoacidosis
iii. Microvascular Changes
iv.
Neuropathy
v.
Nephropathy
vi. Macrovascular Disease
vii.
Combination
4.
Reproductive System
a. Female
i. Primary
Dysmenorrhea
(a).
Description
(b). Cause
(c). Other
PG Effects
ii.Amenorrhea
(a).
Primary
(b).
Secondary
iii. Pelvic
Inflammatory Disease
(a).
Description
(b).
Manifestations
(c).
Complications
iv.
Vaginitis
(a).
Description
(b).
Occurrence
(c).
Characterizations
v.
Disorders of Pelvic Relaxation
(a).
Description
(b).
Varieties
vi.
Proliferations
(a).
Ovarian Cysts
(b).
Endometriosis
b. Male
i.
Urethritis
(a).
Description
(b). Common
Varieties
(c).
Symptoms
ii. Scrotal
Disorders
(a). Varicocele
(b).
Hydrocele
iii.
Prostate Disorders
(a). Benign
Prostatic Hypertrophy
(b).
Prostatitis
C.
Hematologic Disorders
1. Anemia
a.
Definition
b.
Classification
c.
Manifestations
i. Causes
ii.
Symptoms
d. Types
i.
Macrocytic-Normochromic
ii.
Microcytic-Hypochromic
iii.
Normocytic-Normochromic
2. Abnormal
WBC Function
a.
Infectious Mononucleosis
i.Cause
ii.Appearance
iii.Course
b. Leukemias
i.Meaning
ii.Classification
iii.Examples
iv.Acute Leukemias
v.Chronic Leukemias
c. Multiple
Myeloma
i.Description
ii.Manifestations
d. Lymphoma
i.Description
ii.Hodgkin Disease
iii.Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
D.
Cardiovascular Disease
1. Arterial
Disease
a. Arteriosclerois
i. Meaning
ii. Result
b.
Atherosclerosis
i. Meaning
ii.
Development
iii.
Manifestations
2.
Hypertension
a. Meaning
b. Types
c. Primary
vs. Secondary
d. Chronic
Results
3. Aneurysm
a. Meaning
b. Cause
c.
Locations
d.
Manifestations
4. Venous
Disease
a. Varicose
Veins
i.
Description
ii. Cause
b. Chronic
Venous Insufficiency
i. Meaning
ii. Results
5. Coronary
Artery Disease (CAD)
a. Meaning
b. Prevelance
c. Risks
i. Non-modifiable
ii.
Modifiable
(a).
Hyperlipidemia
(b).
Hypertension
(c).
Nicotine
(d).
Diabetes
(e).
Obesity
6.
Myocardial Ischemia
a.
Description
b. Result:
Angina Pectoris
i.
Description
ii. Cause
iii. Timing
iv.
Appearance
v. Types
(a). Stable
(b).
Unstable
(c). Printzmetal
c.
Manifestations
i.
Ventricular Gallop
ii. ECG
iii.
Angiography
7.
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
a. Causes
b. Events
i. First
8-10 Seconds
ii. 30-60
Seconds
iii. 20
Minutes
c.
Functional Changes
d. Repair
e.
Manifestations
i. Anginal Pain
ii.
Sympathetic Stimulation
iii. Fever
iv. Lab
Results
v. ECG
|
BIO3020
Fall, 2012
September 05, 2012
September 07, 2012
September 10, 2012
September 12, 2012
September 14, 2012
September 17, 2012
September 19, 2012
September 24, 2012
September 26, 2012
September 28, 2012
October 01, 2012
October 05, 2012
October 08, 2012
October 10, 2012
October 15, 2012
October 17, 2012
October 19, 2012
October 22, 2012
October 24, 2012
October 26, 2012
October 31, 2012
November 05, 2012
November 07, 2012
November 09, 2012
November 12, 2012
November 14, 2012
November 16, 2012
November 19, 2012
November 26, 2012
November 28, 2012
December 03, 2012
December 05, 2012
December 07, 2012
December 10, 2012
December 12, 2012
December 14, 2012
Fall, 2011
Sept
07, 2011 September 9, 2011 September 12, 2011 September 14, 2011 September 16, 2011 September 19, 2011 September 21, 2011 September 26, 2011 September 28, 2011 September 30, 2011 October 03, 2011 October 07, 2011 October 10, 2011 October 12, 2011 October 17, 2011 October 19, 2011 October 21, 2011 October 24, 2011 October 26, 2011 November 02, 2011 November 07, 2011 November 09, 2011 November 11, 2011 November 14, 2011 November 16, 2011 November 18, 2011 November 21, 2011 November 28, 2011 November 30, 2011 December 05, 2011 December 09, 2011 December 12, 2011 December 14, 2011
Fall, 2010
September
8, 2010
September
10, 2010
September
13, 2010
September
15, 2010
September
17, 2010
September
20, 2010
September
22, 2010
September
27, 2010
September
29, 2010
October
1, 2010
October
4, 2010
October
8, 2010
October
11, 2010
October
13, 2010
October
18, 2010
October
20, 2010
October
22, 2010
October
25, 2010
October
27, 2010
November
3, 2010
November
8, 2010
November
10, 2010
November
12, 2010
November
15, 2010
November
17, 2010
November
19, 2010
November
22, 2010
November
29, 2010
December
01, 2010
December
06, 2010
December
08, 2010
December
10, 2010
December
13, 2010
December
15, 2010
December
17, 2010
Fall, 2009
September
9, 2009
September
11, 2009
September
14, 2009
September
16, 2009
September
18, 2009
September
21, 2009
September
23, 2009
September
28, 2009
September
30, 2009
October
2, 2009
October
5, 2009
October
9, 2009
October
12, 2009
October
14, 2009
October
19, 2009
October
21, 2009
October
23, 2009
October
26, 2009
October
28, 2009
October
30, 2009
November
4, 2009
November
9, 2009
November
11, 2009
November
13, 2009
November
18. 2009
November
20, 2009
November
23, 2009
November
30, 2009
December
2, 2009
December
7, 2009
December
9, 2009
December
11, 2009
December
14, 2009
December
16, 2009
September
3, 2008
September
5, 2008
September
8, 2008
September
10, 2008
September
12, 2008
September
15, 2008
September
17, 2008
September
22, 2008
September
24, 2008
September
26, 2008
September
29, 2008
October
3, 2008
October
6, 2008
October
8, 2008
October
13, 2008
October
15, 2008
October
17, 2008
October
20, 2008
October
22, 2008
October
24, 2008
October
29, 2008
November
3, 2008
November
5, 2008
November
7, 2008
November
10, 2008
November
12, 2008
November
14, 2008
November
17, 2008
November
19, 2008
November
24, 2008
December
01, 2008
December
03, 2008
December
05, 2008
December
08, 2008
December
10, 2008
Lectures from 2007
September
5, 2007
September 7, 2007
September 10, 2007
September 12, 2007
September 14, 2007
September 17, 2007
September 19, 2007
September 24, 2007
September 26, 2007
September 28, 2007
October 1, 2007
October 5, 2007
October 8, 2007
October 10, 2007
October 15, 2007
October 17, 2007
October 19, 2007
October 22, 2007
October 24, 2007
October 26, 2007
October 31, 2007
November 5, 2007
November 7, 2007
November 9, 2007
November 12, 2007
November 14, 2007
November 16, 2007
November 19, 2007
November 26, 2007
November 28, 2007
December 3, 2007
December 5, 2007
December 7, 2007
December 10, 2007
December 12, 2007
December 14, 2007
|