Audio Blackboard: When you click on the dates at right, you'll receive an index of slides/images from the lecture as well as an MP3 audio link. The audio should start up automatically. Please note: You must use the free Microsoft Internet Explorer browser to view these images. For podcast/MP3s, including an archive of past lecture audio, use your existing podcatching software orinstall iTunes and subscribe BIO 2110 Podcast XML | Link to BIO 2110 iTunes Listing BIO 2110 & 2120 Vertebrate Anatomy/Physiology I. Introduction A. Course Mechanics 1. Syllabus Review a. Staff i. Dr. C: Sci 2131 (gcizadlo@css.edu) ii. Greg Bown: Sci 2230 (723-6063; gbown@css.edu) iii. Lacie Schulte: Sci 2126 (723-6611; lschulte@css.edu) 2. Texts a. Fox, Stuart: Human Physiology. b. Netter, Frank: Atlas of Human Anatomy. 3. Evaluation a. Objectives b. Grades c. Make-Up Tests 4. Assistance a. WebCT b. Recordings 5. Lab: Sci 2232 and Sci 2211 a. Switching b. Schedule 6. Anatomy & Physiology Integration B. Body Organization 1. Purpose 2. Levels a. Cellular b. Tissue c. Organ d. System e. Organismal f. Population 3. Anatomic Terms a. Body Cavities i.Ventral (a). Thoracic (b). Abdominopelvic ii.Dorsal (a). Cranial (b). Spinal b. Directions i.Superior/Inferior ii.Anterior/Posterior iii. Medial/Lateral iv.Proximal/Distal c. Planes i.Sagittal ii.Coronal (Frontal) iii.Transverse iv. Oblique d. Anatomic Position C. Cell Functions 1. Transform Energy 2. Store/Retrieve Information 3. Synthesis 4. Storage 5. Ingest/Process Particles 6. Communication 7. Movement 8. Molecular Segregation/Transport D. Tissues 1. Epithelial 2. Connective 3. Muscle 4. Nerve II. Nervous Tissue A. Introduction 1. Function: Integration 2. Location: CNS & PNS B.Cells 1.Schwann Cells a.Location b.Structure c.Function d.Nodes of Ranvier 2.Glial Cells a.Location b.Types 3.Neurons a.Function b.Structure i.Cell Body ii.Dendrites iii.Axons c.Membrane i.Proteins ii.Na-K Pump iii.Membrane (Resting) Potential iv.Action Potential v.Neuron-to-neuron Transmission (a). Neurotransmitters (b). Reception (c). Excitation/Inhibition d.Stimulus Strength (a). Temporal Summation (b). Spatial Summation e.Sensory Reception f.Myoneural Junction III. Muscle Tissue A.Introduction 1.Specialization 2.Activities 3.Amount B.Skeletal Muscle 1.Cells a.Description b.T-tubules c.Sarcoplasmic Reticulum d.Mitochondria e.Nuclei 2.Contraction Mechanism a.Actin-Myosin Interaction b.Control 3.Motor Units 4.Initial Length vs. Force 5.Contraction Smoothness 6.Maximum Force 7.Muscle Cramps C.Smooth Muscle 1.Locations/Role 2.Cells a.Description b.Intercellular Arrangements c.Source of Calcium d.Membrane Potential 3.Innervation: Autonomic N.S. a.Inherent Rhythmicity Adjustment b.Structural Divisions c.Sympathetic N.S. Role d.Parasympathetic N.S. Role e.Effect of Transmitters D.Cardiac Muscle 1.Cells 2.Inherent Rhythmicity 3.Innervation IV. Fluid Circulation A.The Heart 1.Location 2.Layers/Coverings 3.Pattern of Circulation 4.Chambers a.Right Atrium b.Right Ventricle c.Left Atrium d.Left Ventricle 5.Valves a.Purpose b.Control c.AV Valves d.SL Valves 6.Electrical System a.SA Node b.Atrial Conduction c.AV Node i.Location ii.Function d.Bundle of His e.Cell-to-cell B.Vasculature 1.Vessel Construction a.Layers b.Arterial Specializations i.Tissue ii.Energy Absorption iii.Cross-Sectional Area iv.Total Volume c.Arterioles i.Tissue ii.Control Function d.Capillaries i.Construction ii.Fluid Passage e.Veins i.Construction ii.Volume iii.Reservoir Function iv.Venous Pumps 2.Lymph Circulation a.Lymph Capillaries b.Collecting Lymphatics i.Description ii.Lymph Nodes iii.Destination c.Purpose of Lymph Circulation d.Flow i.Sources of Pressure (a). ISF Pressure (b). Intrinsic Pumping (c). Extrinsic Pumping ii.Extent C.Cardiovascular Integration 1.Introduction: feedback loops 2.Sensors a.Baroreceptors b.Chemoreceptors c.Stretch Receptors 3.Afferent Pathways 4.Integration Center 5.Efferent Pathways a.Parasympathetic b.Sympathetic D.The Cardiac Cycle 1.Pressure Curve a.Atrial Pressure b.Ventricular Pressure c.Arterial Pressure 2.Valvular Closure 3.Heart Sounds E.Cardiac Blood Flow 1.Cardiac Output a.Meaning b.Cardiac Index 2.Stroke Volume Output 3.Control a.Venous Return b.Contractility F.Peripheral Flow 1.Principles a.Formula b.Mean Systemic Filling Pressure c.Resistance i.Vessel Diameter ii.Viscosity iii. Length d.Poiseuille’s Law 2.Flow Distribution a.Introduction b.Extrinsic Control i.Cardiac Output ii.Sympathetic Stimulation iii.Humoral Agents c. Intrinsic Control 3.Control of Cardiac Output 4.Pressure Pulses a.Meaning b.Damping 5.Pulse Pressure a.Definition b.Factors 6.Arterial Pressure Regulation a.Nervous Mechanisms b.Capillary Fluid Shift c.Blood Volume d.Hormonal Regulation i.Renin/Angiotensin ii.Aldosterone 7.Skin Blood Flow a.And Temperature Regulation b.Mechanism c.Extreme Cold V. Body Defense A.Introduction 1.Purpose a.To Prevent Invasion b.To Remove Foreign Material 2.Cellular Components 3.Types of Defense a.Phagocytosis (Physical) b.Immune Response (Chemical) 4.Reticuloendothelial (RE) System 5.Recognition a.Necessity b.Antigens c.Failure: Autoimmunity B.Phagocytic Defense 1.Cells a.Blood b.Tissue 2.Tissue Locations a.Connective Tissue b.Lymph Nodes c.Lung Tissue d.Liver Sinuses e.Bone Marrow f.Spleen C.Immune Defense 1.Introduction a.Repeated Exposures b.Foreign Material c.Response i.Humoral ii.Cellular 2.Lymphoid Tissue a.Source of Immunity b.Major Locations c.Development i.Lymphocyte Origin ii.Role of Thymus iii.Bursa iv.“Seeding” v.“Clones” 3.Humoral Immunity a.Producer i.Plasma Cells ii.Timing b.Antibodies i.Names ii.Structure iii.Actions (a). Direct (b). Complement Activation (c). Mast Cell Activation 4.Cellular Immunity a.Production b.Action i.Direct ii.Indirect VI. Urinary System A.Introduction 1.Components 2.Functions a.Excretory b.Endocrine B.Anatomy 1.Gross a.Location b.Capsule c.Pararenal Fat d.Hilum 2.Internal Structure a.Coronal Section i.Sinus ii.Pelvis iii.Lobes iv.Lobe Construction (a). Medulla (b). Cortex (c). Pyramids b.Vasculature i.Renal Artery ii.Interlobar Arteries iii.Arcuate Arteries iv.Interlobular Arteries v.Afferent Arterioles vi.Glomerulus vii.Efferent Arterioles viii.Peritubular Capillaries ix.Veins Microscopic Anatomy: Neuphron Renal Corpuscule Development Podocytes Renal Tubules Proximal Tubule Loop of Henle Distal tubule Collecting Ducts Peritubular Capillaries Nephron Function 1) Glomerular Filtration a. Membrane b. Endothelium c. Basal Lamina d. Podocyte Slit Pores 2) Dynamics a. Total Blood Flow b. Pressure c. Composition d. Glomerular Filtration Rate 3) Tubular Reabsorption a. Basic Idea b. Active transport c. Passive Transport i Water ii Solutes d. Amounts 4) Secretion a. Basic Idea b. Substances 5) Regulation a. Autoregulation of GFR i Observation ii Necessity b. Controller: JGA i Location ii Function C. Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) 1) Source 2) Control 3) Thirst 4) Action 5) Urine Concentration IX. Acid-Base Balance A. Introduction 1.Necessity 2.Result of Upset 3.Range a.Normal b.Acidosis c.Alkalosis B.Relationship to Carbon Dioxide 1.Carbonic Anhydrase Reaction 2.Usefulness 3.Respiratory vs. Metabolic Acids 4.Relationship to Respiration C.Regulation of [H+] 1.Chemical Buffers a.Bicarbonate i.Action ii.Components iii.Additions Strong Acids Strong Bases b.Phosphate i.Action ii.Components c.Proteins i.Action d.Importance 2.Respiration a.Relation to Buffers b.Action 3.Renal Regulation a.Mechanism b.Tubular [H+] & Ammonia c.Importance X.Gas Exchange A.Anatomic Factors 1.Introduction a.Purpose b.Construction 2.Passageway a.Nose i.Function ii.Lining iii.Cilia iv.Filtration v.Warming vi.Humidification b.Pharynx i.Description/Divisions ii.Contraction c.Larynx i.Description ii.Glottis iii.Swallowing d.Trachea i.Description ii.Branching e.Bronchi i.Symmetry f.Post-Mainstem Bronchi i. Lobar ii. Segmental iii.Terminal Bronchioles g.The Acinus i.The Functional Unit ii.Components         Respiratory Bronchioles Alveolar Ducts Terminal Alveolar Sacs iii.Alveolus Description Number/SA Surface Tension 3.Thoracic Cavity a.Lungs i.Location ii.Hilus iii.Divisions iv.Pleura v.Diaphragm b.Lung Circulation i.Bronchial Circulation ii.Pulmonary Circulation Purpose Pathway Pressures “Dry” Alveoli c.Ventilatory Mechanics i.Static Volumes Meaning Tidal Volume Vital Capacity Residual Volume Fx Residual Capacity Dead Space ii.Dynamic Volumes Minute Volume Alveolar Ventilation iii.Work of Breathing Elastic Resistance/Compliance Non-Elastic Resistance iv.Muscular Mechanisms Inspiration Expiration v.Nervous Control Circuits CO2/H+ O2 B.Physiology of Exchange 1.Ventilation a.Meaning b.Steps 2.Gas Transport a.Diffusion i.Role ii.Partial Pressures b.Oxygen i.Atmospheric pO2 ii.Alveolar/Arterial pO2 iii.Venous pO2 c.Carbon Dioxide i.Tissue/Venous pCO2 ii.Alveolar/Arterial pCO2 iii.Atmospheric pCO2 d.Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio i.Meaning ii.Abnormalities (Extremes) Dead Space Units Shunt Units iii.Result of Abnormalities 3.Transport in Blood a.Oxygen i.Dissolved ii.Hemoglobin iii.Utilization Coefficient iv.Oxy-Hb Dissociation Curve v.Shifts vi.Carbon Monoxide b.Carbon Dioxide i.Dissolved ii.Carbaminohemoglobin iii.Bicarbonate iv.Saturation Digestion C.Introduction 1.Actions 2.Layers of Tract a.Mucosa b.Submucosa c.Muscularis d.Serosa D.Components 1.Oral Cavity a.Tongue b.Taste Buds c.Saliva i.Function ii.Sources Buccal Glands Parotid Glands Submandibular Glands Sublingual Glands iii.Quantity iv.Composition Water/Solute Salts Urea/Uric Acid Mucin Salivary Amylase v.Control Center Stimuli Stages 2.Esophagus a.Description b.Sphincters c.Histology d.Circulation e.Swallowing i.Initiation ii.Nasopharynx Closure iii.Laryngeal Elevation iv.Primary Peristalsis v.Secondary Peristalsis 3.Stomach a.Anatomy i.Sphincters Cardiac Pyloric ii.Histology b.Secretions i.Mucus ii.Enzymes iii.HCl iv.Gastrin c.Innervation d.Physiology i.Motor Functions Reservoir Function Mixing Function Emptying Function ii.Control of Secretions Cephalic Phase Gastric Phase Intestinal Phase Interdigestive Phase 4.Small Intestine a.Structure i.Description ii.Divisions Duodenum Jejunum Ileum iii.Mesentery iv.Structural Modifications Plica Circularis Villi Microvilli v.Villus vi.Innervation b.Functional Considerations i.General Process Pancreatic Secretions Bile ii.Digestive Enzymes iii.Absorption 5.Large Intestine a.Structural Considerations i.Description ii.Divisions Cecum Colon Rectum iii.Histology Muscularis Mucosa Glands iv.Circulation b.Functional Considerations i.Major Function ii.Secondary Function iii.Secretion iv.Putrefaction v.Movements Haustral Churning Slow Peristalsis Mass Peristalsis Defecation 6.Liver a. Description b. Microscopic Structure

BIO2110 Audio Blackboards Lecture audio and images Fall, 09-10 September 9, 2009 September 11, 2009 September 14, 2009 September 16, 2009 September 18, 2009 September 21, 2009 September 23, 2009 September 28, 2009 September 30, 2009 October 2, 2009 October 5, 2009 October 9, 2009 October 12, 2009 October 14, 2009 October 19, 2009 October 21, 2009 October 23, 2009 October 26, 2009 October 28, 2009 October 30, 2009 November 4, 2009 November 9, 2009 November 11, 2009 November 13, 2009 November 18, 2009 November 20, 2009 Fall, 08-09 September 3, 2008 September 5, 2008 September 8, 2008 September 10, 2008 September 12, 2008 September 15, 2008 September 17, 2008 September 22, 2008 September 24, 2008 September 26, 2008 September 29, 2008 October 3, 2008 October 6, 2008 October 8, 2008 October 13, 2008 October 15, 2008 October 17, 2008 October 20, 2008 October 22, 2008 October 24, 2008 October 29, 2008 November 03, 2008 November 05, 2008 November 07, 2008 November 10, 2008 November 12, 2008 November 14, 2008 November 17, 2008 November 19, 2008 November 24, 2008 December 01, 2008 December 03, 2008 December 05, 2008 December 08, 2008 December 10, 2008 December 12, 2008 Spring, 08-09 January 12, 2009 January 14, 2009 January 16, 2009 January 21, 2009 January 23, 2009 January 26, 2009 January 28, 2009 February 2, 2009 February 4, 2009 February 6, 2009 February 9, 2009 February 11, 2009 February 13, 2009 February 16, 2009 February 18, 2009 February 23, 2009 February 27, 2009 March 2, 2009 March 4, 2009 March 6, 2009 March 16, 2009 March 18, 2009 March 23, 2009 March 25, 2009 March 27, 2009 March 30, 2009 April 1, 2009 April 3, 2009 April 6, 2009 April 8, 2009 April 15, 2009 April 20, 2009 April 22, 2009 April 24, 2009 April 27, 2009 April 29, 2009 May 1, 2009

Free Web Counter